Editing and formatting
Streszczenie, abstract and keywords for your thesis
Most Polish universities require a streszczenie (summary) in Polish and an abstract in English, plus keywords for APD (Archiwum Prac Dyplomowych). It is a short text, but it is the first thing readers see. We prepare the abstract based on your thesis, within the character limit.
How to write a thesis abstract (streszczenie) and keywords
The streszczenie and the English abstract are short, but they are read more often than any other part of the thesis: by the promotor and reviewer before they open chapter one, and by anyone who searches the university repository later. At most universities they are entered into APD together with the keywords when the thesis is submitted.
A good abstract is not a shortened introduction. It states the aim, the method, the main result and the conclusion, in that order, in a few sentences, without references or unexplained abbreviations. The hardest part is usually the limit: department guidelines or the APD form often cap the abstract at a set number of characters, and a text written to fill a page has to be rebuilt rather than trimmed.
The Polish and English versions should say the same thing, but they are not word-for-word translations. Each follows the conventions of its language, and the English version uses the terms an English-language reader would search for. Keywords work the same way: specific enough to describe your thesis, and correct in both languages.
We prepare both versions from your thesis, or from the introduction and conclusion if the full text is not yet final. You paste them into APD yourself, so check the field lengths in the system well before submission day.
What is included
- Streszczenie in Polish to your department’s requirements
- Abstract in English
- Aim, methods, results and conclusions in brief
- Within the character or word limit
- 5–7 keywords in both languages
- Translation of the thesis title, if required
Who it is for
- Your thesis is ready and the abstract has to go into APD
- You cannot fit within the character limit
- You need an English abstract but are not confident in the language
- You do not know which keywords to choose
How we work
Send your thesis
The full text or the introduction and conclusion, plus the abstract requirements.
We prepare the abstract
We pick out the essentials of your thesis and fit them within the limit.
You get the texts
Both language versions and keywords, ready to enter into the system.
Questions and answers
What is APD?
Archiwum Prac Dyplomowych is the system many universities use for thesis submission. The abstract and keywords go into it, and you enter them yourself.
How is an abstract different from a conclusion?
A conclusion sums up the thesis for someone who has read it. An abstract describes it for someone who has not: what it is about, how the research was done and what it found.
Can I order just the keywords?
Yes, it is a small job. We will give you a price in chat as soon as we see the topic and introduction.
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